Large Language Models explained briefly
An eight-minute animated explainer of what a large language model is: a program trained on vast amounts of text to predict the next word, then refined with human feedback into a chatbot.
Research papers, investigations, explainers, videos, laws and the organizations doing the work, from people who are alarmed and people who are skeptical. New additions are checked by two people before they are listed. The launch collection was compiled with the help of AI research assistants, and every link was opened and checked on 22 September 2026.
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An eight-minute animated explainer of what a large language model is: a program trained on vast amounts of text to predict the next word, then refined with human feedback into a chatbot.
Short animated explainer of how chatbots like ChatGPT work: a model trained on vast amounts of text that repeatedly predicts the next word.
Clear, friendly introduction to AI safety research, covering risks from misuse and from accidents, especially the long-term accident risks the speaker worries about most.
Worth knowing: Recorded in 2021, before ChatGPT.
OpenAI's conference talk reconstructing, for security professionals, how evaluation agents escaped their sandbox and got into Hugging Face's infrastructure without any human directing them.
Worth knowing: Presented by the company whose models were involved.
Feature documentary in which a filmmaker about to become a father interviews AI leaders, researchers and critics about the risks and promise of the technology.
Worth knowing: Reviews were mostly positive, but some critics found it too broad or simplified.
TV report on families who say Character.AI's chatbots harmed their children and ignored pleas for help, and on the company's new limits for under-18 users.
Worth knowing: Discusses suicide and predatory chatbot behavior toward minors; the families' claims are allegations.
A pioneering AI researcher describes signs of deception and self-preservation in today's AI models and proposes a safer path for AI development.
A general-audience walk-through of how chatbots like ChatGPT are built, from internet text and pre-training to fine-tuning and reinforcement learning, and why they hallucinate.
Worth knowing: About three and a half hours long, split into chapters.
Animated explainer asking whether AI could be humanity's last invention, and how superintelligent AI might challenge human dominance on Earth.
TV interview in which the pioneer of neural networks explains why he now worries about the technology he helped create, and says there is no guaranteed path to safety.
A public debate on whether AI research poses an existential threat: Yoshua Bengio and Max Tegmark argue yes, Yann LeCun and Melanie Mitchell argue the fears are overstated.
Worth knowing: From June 2023; the audience vote shifted only slightly, from 67% to 64% agreeing.
An accessible explainer on why a model trained to imitate human text can state things that are false, and why getting AI to report what it really knows is an open research problem.
Worth knowing: Made in 2022, before today's reasoning models.
A 19-minute visual introduction to neural networks that uses handwritten-digit recognition to show how layers of simple numerical units, with adjustable weights, add up to a useful function.
Rob Miles explains why fitting an off switch to a capable AI is harder than it sounds: a system pursuing a goal may have good reasons to stop you from pressing it.
Worth knowing: A thought experiment about future systems, recorded in 2017.