University of Washington researchers estimate 7.6% of campaign text and 6.1% of campaign images from 2023 to 2025 were detectably AI-generated, and almost never disclosed.
What it means for youA University of Washington study finds AI-generated material in US campaign websites, X posts and emails is rising and almost never labelled, though detectors are imperfect.
For lawmakersUniversity of Washington authors find similar AI use in states with AI election laws, except a small federal gap, and say this does not show the laws caused it.
For researchersPangram text detection and a GPT-5.4-mini image check give detectable-AI rates, not proof of AI use; the authors report 78.3% agreement when checking the image method against another study's labels.
“detectable AIGC from campaigns increased significantly across modalities over the observation window, and campaigns that use AIGC frequently do not disclose it.”
The authors' abstract, stating the first of their three findings.